Tuesday, 04. May 2010. 11:48 von 4-HTECHWIZARDS.ORG
Answer Question Media Access Control —————————- In recent weeks I have received quite a lot of e-mails about Ethernet cards, both wired and wireless, and more specifically, about Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. I think the main reason I’ve got so many questions about Ethernet cards and MAC addresses, which are trying to secure a home wireless network and wants to use the MAC address filtering. This type of filtering in wireless networks can be configured to allow or deny specific use of computers or to connect a wireless network based on MAC address. My first thought was to write an article almost the MAC addresses of Ethernet and wireless. After thinking about it I decided to expand this and go over some specific information about Ethernet cards and communication. Different ways to find the MAC address and add —————————————– – ——– There are several ways to find the Ethernet protocol and data. Many of the network card manufacturer is free software, which can reveal this information, but they operate in different ways, depending on the manufacturer. So we use Windows 2000 and XP “ipconfig” utility since this is available on most Windows operating systems. First of all, go to “Start” -> “Run” and type “cmd” without quotes. Then hit the Enter key. The command line, type “ipconfig / all”, again without the quotes. Actually, just typing ipconfig without the / all the works, but it only gives you the abbreviated information on network cards. Example of what you might see by typing “ipconfig / all” command under each item commented on the green lettering: Redundant and Highly Availability Computer Systems —————– ——- —- There are several ways to find the Ethernet protocol and data. Many of the network card manufacturer is free software, which can reveal this information, but they operate in different ways, depending on the manufacturer. So we use Windows 2000 and XP “ipconfig” utility since this is available on most Windows operating systems. First of all, go to “Start” -> “Run” and type “cmd” without quotes. Then hit the Enter key. The command line, type “ipconfig / all”, again without the quotes. Actually, just typing ipconfig without the / all the works, but it only gives you the abbreviated information on network cards. Example of what you might see by typing “ipconfig / all command is as follows: the output of ipconfig / all” command ———————- —— —————————— Windows IP ConfigurationHost name. . . . . . . . . . . . Home Computer This computer has a name, usually defined during the windows installation. However, it can change after installation. Primary DNS Suffix. . . . . . . : One. comIf came with your computer network, such as the Microsoft Windows domain, this product may contain the domain name. Node type. . . . . . . . . . . . : Node Type UnknownThe may say Unknown, or peer-to-peer, or in some cases “hybrid”. It is a regulation which relates to the Windows Internet Naming Services used in a number of Windows domain networks. IP routing enabled. . . . . . . . : NoThis setting determines if Windows XP or 2000 operating as IP routing. If you have two or more network cards you can set the system to a router, forwarding communications requests from one network to another. Windows 2000 can be configured to do this fairly straight forward way that Windows XP requires editing the registry. WINS proxy is enabled. . . . . . . . : NoWINS Proxy is another setting that relates to “Node Type” we discussed earlier. It is usually not necessary to set a home or small office network or the newer Windows sectors. Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection 2: If you have multiple Ethernet (network) card systems, like I do with this laptop, you have several lists. This happens to be the second Ethernet card, built-in wireless card. Description. . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom 802 11b / g WLAN This is a description of the Ethernet card, usually / manufacturer and the Ethernet card. In this case, is a Broadcom wireless card built in my laptop. Physical address. . . . . . . . . : 00-90-4B-F1-6E-4AAnd here is the MAC address. The MAC address is 48-bit hexadecimal code and assumed to be completely unique Internet address. It is 48 bits, because each number or letter in hexadecimal represents 8 bits. Hexadecimal numbers vary from 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, A, B, C, D, E, F is 6 alphanumeric codes, or 6 * 8 = 48 (bits). The first 3 codes identify the manufacturer of the card and the remaining codes are used to create a unique number. In theory, would never have the same card, the MAC address of a LAN. However, there are some exceptions. Are software tools that allow you to change this code. In fact, this is a step some hackers take to attack other systems on a LAN. I say to date because MAC addresses are routed between network segments. Author spoof this address, you can impersonate the machine on my local network. Traffic that was heading for the target machine can be controlled by a hacker. This is the address you would also be used to populate the MAC address, physical address or a table, where the wireless access point to support MAC address filtering. DHCP enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : YesDHCP or Dynamic Host Control Protocol, if enabled means the computers IP address is a DHCP server offers you online. DHCP server can be a wireless base station, cable / DSL router, cable modem or a network server. In addition, if the DHCP server is not available online, computers running the car a random IP address of the end of the range. This means you can block network connection without manually configure IP settings. IP address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192 168. 0. 117This parameter gives you the current IP address. To the address above is the so-called “private” address. There are certain classes of IP addresses that are reserved for private use. This means their own internal, local or private network at home or office. These addresses are not or should not be routed over the Internet. Internet routes what are called “valid” IP addresses. Cable / DSL router or cable modem has a valid IP address for its “external” network interface. The external interface may be a telephone line, cable-TV cable. Subnet mask. . . . . . . . . . . : 255 255. 255. 0The subnet mask is a specific number or, in some sense, filter, which breaks down the IP address, in this case the private IP address, to certain groups. IP addresses and subnet masks can be a complex matter, and would go over the whole article. Default Gateway. . . . . . . . . : 192 168. 0. 254The default gateway, the IP addresses listed above, it is the IP address of the device, the route request, such as when you try to browse the site to the Internet. It is slightly more complicated than that, although gateways or routers can route traffic over various networks, although other private networks. A home or small office, this port is likely to have cable / DSL modem or router. DHCP server. . . . . . . . . . . : 192 168. 0. 49The DHCP server, remember we talked a bit about the above is a device which lets the computer’s IP address and other information. DHCP servers can provide all kinds of information, such as, the default gateway, name servers (DNS), IP address, Subnet Mask, Time Server, and much more. DNS servers. . . . . . . . . . . : 192 168. 0. 49, 64 105. 197. 58DNS Servers are internal or external servers to resolve the fully qualified Domain Names (FQDN), IP addresses. This is because computers do not actually send the requests to domain, they use an IP address FQDN. For most home or small office users, the primary DNS server IP address of the cable / DSL router. Cable / DSL router than queries an external DNS server on the Internet FQDN resolution to the actual IP address. Address 192 168. 0. 49 is an internal private device on my network while 64 105. 197. 58 is an external public Internet DNS server, and is present only if my router is difficult to carry out DNS resolution tasks. Lease obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Sunday, March 19, 2006 6:38:16 PMThis information indicates when the computer has an IP address and other information from the DHCP server. You’ll notice it says “Lease obtained”, it is because most DHCP servers only lease the IP address of your swimming pool available for the address. For example, a swimming pool may be 192 168. 1. 1 through 192 168. 1. 50. So the DHCP server has 50 IP addresses from which to choose when assigning your computer its IP address. Lease expires. . . . . . . . . . : Wednesday, March 29, 2006 9:38:16 PMWhen IP address, DHCP server, the lease contract expires, it tries to hire you with the same or a different IP address. This function can usually be modified DHCP server. For example, some fully functional DHCP servers, you can assign the lease was never terminated or expired by 1 day, and so forth. Why the MAC addresses so important and how they operate ————————————— – ————– If you want to move back to the MAC address only a bit. You may think that IP addresses are the most important thing when it comes to online communications. The truth is, MAC addresses are very important, because without them computers would not be able to communicate over Ethernet networks. When your computer wants to talk to another computer on my local network, it will send a request, or to ask who owns a specific IP address. For example, the computer may say: “Who is the 192 168 0 254″. Using the information above, my default gateway 192 168. 0. 254 and replies: “I am a” 00-90-4B-F1-6E-4A “192 168 0 254″. It sends back its MAC address. That the MAC address, then goes to the so-called Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table on your computer. You can find this information by going to command as you did above and typing “arp-a”. For example, the following information: Internet Address Physical Address Type192. 168. 0. 49 00-12-17-5C-A2-27 dynamic192. 168. 0. 109 00-12-17-5C-A2-27 dynamic192. 168. 0. 112 00-0C-76-93-94-B2 dynamic192. 168. 0. 254 00-0e-2e-2e-15-61 dynamicHow Hacker can use MAC addresses Attack —————————- – —————- You can see IP addresses and the right to their MAC addresses. Without this information, not the MAC address, you would not be reading this article right now. MAC addresses are not routed as IP addresses. They work in a local or private network. However appliances Internet performing the same tasks. Routers and switches maintain a list of their peer device MAC address, such as computers and devices in your home or office network. I mentioned above that MAC addresses can be changed in order to redirect requests. For example, if I were in your office network and you had an internal web server That took personal information to enter, I’d say your laptop computer to go to my Web site that broadcasts my MAC address tied to real web servers IP address. I want to do this when the computer asked: “Who is the” real Web Server. “I could setup a fake web server that looks just like the real thing, and begin to collect data on the actual web servers normally collect. You can see how dangerous it can be. Conclusion – ———- There are many other easy ways you can find the MAC address, but they can be a little confusing if you have more than one internal network card. Most external USB or PCMCIA wireless and wired Ethernet cards have their MAC address printed on them. In cases where a wired or wireless network card is inside your computer, such as laptops, the MAC address is sometimes printed on the bottom of the laptop. Even Desktop systems cards that are added to PCI is the MAC address is printed on the Ethernet card.
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